Wind circulates and pushes particulates across wide bodies of water. Wind erosion is a threat to the sustainability of the land as well as the viability and quality of life for rural and urban communities. These experiments include tables where students can record their observations and draw pictures. South asia is one of the regions in the world where soil erosion by water and wind is a severe problem venkateswarulu, 1994 and singh et al. Particle dynamics are described in terms of suspension, saltation, surface creep, abrasion, sorting and threshold conditions. May 11, 2018 tillage destroys soil cover and dries the soil and should be avoided in areas prone to wind erosion.
Wind, water, and ice erosion experiments earth and space. Most of the energy that makes erosion happen is provided by the sun. The loose and dissolved materials move from one location to another. If original soil is erodable and wind exists, soil particles move via wind sometimes it is called dust transport and finally are deposited at final destination regionsareas. It involves the detachment, transportation and redeposition of soil by wind. Fine sand grains are removed leaving behind coarser material. Through this handson activity, students explore five different forms of erosion. Wind erosion generally occurs in areas with little or no vegetation, often in areas where there is insufficient rainfall to support vegetation. Wind, water, and ice erosion experiments students will observe through three handson experiments the effects of wind, water and ice erosion on land. It renders soil less productive by removing the most fertile part of the soil, namely, the clays and organic matter.
In this lesson, students will learn the effects that wind erosion have on sand through creating an interactive model. Wind erosion refers to the detachment, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind. The questions are mostly fillintheblank with some short answer and multiple choice. Wind affects the land through a process called wind erosion, where wind breaks up land and then carries the debris like dirt and bits of rock to other places. An example is the formation of sand dunes, on a beach or in a desert. Modelling nutrient losses by wind and water erosion in a sahelian. Wind erosion has long been recognised as a major land degradation issue in western australia. Sp 8 addresses obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in k2. Practices to reduce wind erosion cropwatch university of. Wind sediments that have been transported by wind appear pitted holes and frosted glazed effective in moving small, loose material occurs in areas where there is not enough rainfall to support vegetation main effects. Water erosion can lead to a variety of devastating effects. Erosion, removal of surface material from earths crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies such as water or wind from the point of removal.
Wind erosion is a threat to agriculture and the earths natural resources. Water erosion water erosion is perhaps the most familiar type of erosion. The hyperarid, cold, and humid areas were excluded for the wind erosion estimate. Even though wind is the weakest agent, it is still a powerful force in shaping the land near areas where there is little plant growth. Ice erosion occurs in one of two forms, the movement of glaciers, or thawing processes.
Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid. The first wind erosion equation was a simple exponential expressing the amount of soil loss in a wind tunnel. Abrasion by wind carried sand can polish rock, but causes little erosion. The nature and the relative weight of these causes are different depending on. In addition, these particulates may collide with solid objects causing erosion by abrasion. Wind erosion is the physical wearing of the earths surface by wind. Pdf global dimensions of vulnerability to wind and water erosion. In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes such as water flow or wind that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the earths crust, and then transports it to another location not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement. Students communicate information with others in oral and written form to discuss scientific ideas. Erosion occurs at the earths surface, and has no effect on the earths mantle and core. A layer of topsoil can be removed by raindrop splashes and runoff during storms. The video and worksheet cover the following concepts.
Wind causes small particles to be lifted and moved away. Small blowout areas may be associated with adjacent areas of deposition at the base of plants or behind obstacles, such as rocks, shrubs, fence rows, and roadbanks. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. Soil degradatio n is when soil deteriorates because. Wind erosion can degrade infrastructure and dust particles can create air pollution. Wind erosion is occurred when pieces of the earth are worn away by the strong winds. Wind erosion wind erosion is the form of soil degradation by the action of the wind which abrades, transports and deposes soil sand particles. Erosion ontrol lanket installation made easier american excelsior ompany has manufactured a folded center erosion control blanket e for over 20 years. The wind erosion equation was developed by the late dr. Coastal erosion earth science geology coastal erosion 1 section 1. The detached soil particles are subsequently transported by overland water flow. Erosion occurs when soil is left exposed to rain drop or wind energy.
Erosion is the wearing away of the earths surface by the action of natural forces, for example, water, wind and glacial ice. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow. Wind erosion causes damage to the crops by removing the soil which crops needed from it. Global dimensions of vulnerability to wind and water erosion. Windbreaks such as big trees and bushes are often planted by farmers to reduce wind erosion. Productivity is affected by the removal of the most fertile component of the soil from the paddock and through sandblasting crops. Erosion occurs because gravity, ice, wind, and water sculpt earths surface.
Water and wind erosion are continually changing the landscape of the earth. A strong, turbulent wind, coupled with highly erodible field conditions, causes wind erosion. It is a dynamic, physical process where loose, dry, bare soils are transported by strong winds. It occurs in dry bare areas when wind blows and moves the dirt around. Tables listing the prevailing wind erosion direction by month for many locations in the united states are available see nrcs weq web site address at the end of this document. However, water erosion occurs when rainfall or hail occurs. Dredging streams to ease this problem is costly and wreaks havoc on aquatic plant and animal communities. Several bmps protect the soil surface like vegetative covers ss2, ss4, and ss15, buffer or. They record their observations and discuss the effects of erosion on the earths landscape. Contents available at isc and sid journal homepage. What are the differences between wind erosion and water. Pdf the global assessment of wind and water erosion reported in this empirical study employs a simplified model considering only soil and.
These actions depend mainly on the type of soil, the climate, the vegetation cover, the speed and frequency of wind. The main causes of wind and water erosion are the simplification of cropping systems, deforestation, and overgrazing. Mea surements of aerosol size distributions and vertical fluxes aerosols on land subject to wind erosion. Pdf soil loss due to wind and water erosion degrades the soil. May, 2014 wind erodes the surface of a barren landmass in arid climates. The most serious erosion area is the windwater erosion crisscross region at the northern loess plateau. Jun 16, 2016 wind erosion is occurred when pieces of the earth are worn away by the strong winds. It refers to the movement of soil organic and inorganic particles along the soil surface with flowing water and deposition of the eroded materials at lower landscape. The degree to which this happens depends on the size and speed of the falling raindrops. Waves are created by wind blowing over the waters surface waves are generated by the competing forces of surface friction. Since the wind erosion equation is similar to the uni versal soil loss equation for soil loss due to runoff water, the wind erosion equation also has similar deficiencies. A method is outlined using the conservation of mass and momentum principles showing. These are known as agents of erosion of these four, water is the most important agent of erosion. Wind erosion and deposition has been creating a massive impact on land production.
What are the similarities and differences between water. Soil erosion vocabulary soil erosion the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, gravity or other natural or anthropogenic agents that abrade, detach and remove soil particles or rock material from one point on the earths surface, for deposition elsewhere, including gravitational creep and socalled tillage erosion. The wind transfers energy from air to water and forms waves, which are brought back to the surface by gravity. Land susceptibility to water and wind erosion risks in the east africa. Thus, methods of controlling water erosion will be the.
It is a geological process, and part of the rock cycle. Soil erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by physical forces such as rainfall, flowing water, wind. These sources typically are characterized by nonhomogeneous surfaces impregnated with nonerodible elements particles larger than approximately 1 centimeter cm in. Wind is effective in causing erosion in deserts because the sand isnt held in place by vegetation and blows easily.
Students learn about how engineers are involved in the protection of landscapes and. Basic wind erosion processes are discussed under the major headings of soil particle dynamics, particle flow rates, and principles and general strategies of control. The critical wind erosion period is that part of the year when agricultural fields are particularly vulnerable to wind erosion. Pdf the reduction of partitioned wind and water erosion by. The loss of soil nutrients and the covering of the land with many deposits decrease the ability of the soil to properly produce drops. Mea surements of aerosol size distributions and vertical fluxes aerosols on.
Wind erosion and deposition erosion and deposition. Wind erosion is not considered a major contributing factor to erosion on highway construction projects because of the localized nature of the exposed areas and the relatively short construction time periods. Low sediment load means river energy can be used mainly for erosion. Since wind deposition follows the event of wind erosion, it is important to learn.
Water removed from oceans glacial periods ice ages. Tendency of desertification in this region has become more severe than that in the southern region of the loess plateau due to the longterm water and wind crisscross erosion in. Erosion even in deserts, the main agent of erosion is water. Five ways to reduce wind erosion keep your soil covered and reduce the wind speed to prevent wind from removing your valuable topsoil. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation. At the end of the course the idea came up to combine the experiences and ideas of. It is the result of nearly 30 years of research to determine the primary variables or factors that influence erosion of soil by wind. Zeugen wind abrasion turns the desert surface into a ridge and furrow landscape, e.
Deflation is the main way wind causes erosion, it usually has a great effect on the land and it can create blowouts. Inselbergs wind and water attacks the original surface leaving roundtopped inselbergs through exhumation. Aug 27, 2011 types and causes of wind erosion is explained. Index of land susceptibility to wind erosion ilswe by combining layers. Features produced by wind erosion geography alevel revision. In the latter formation, water inside pores and rock fractures expand, which causes further cracking. Along with water some soil particles mostly finer ones are carried. When raindrops reach the soil, they detach soil particles. Rock and soil suddenly slip down a slope in one large mass. Cole member asae abstract relating the various damaging effects of soil erosion by wind to the appropriate measures of the erosion process are critical for controlling and estimating the probable damage. Land degradation by water and wind erosion is a serious problem worldwide.
They rotate through stations and model each type of erosion on rocks, soils and minerals. Standing, attached residue is the most effective practice to reduce wind erosion so planting equipment should be operated to minimize residue detachment. Water is the predominant agent of erosion on highway construction sites. Wind erosion control we1 definition and purpose wind erosion control consists of applying water or other dust suppressants as necessary to prevent soil erosion. Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity wear away rocks and soil. The presented thesis includes a complementary approach combining studies on. This 17 question worksheet provides a way for students to follow along with the bill nye erosion video. Glaciers erode through one of three different processes, including abrasion, plucking, and thrusting.
Weathering is where rock is broken down and dissolved into tiny particles by chemical, physical and. Rainwater in the form of runoff is the main driver of water erosion. Erosion erosion of earths surface agents of erosion erosion is the wearing away and removal of rock or sediment. An overview of the wind erosion prediction system introduction soil erosion by wind is a serious problem in the united states and the world.